أَلَمْ يَأْتِهِمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ وَقَوْمِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَأَصْحَابِ مَدْيَنَ وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَاتِ ۚ أَتَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ ۖ فَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَٰكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ
Has there not reached them the news of those before them - the people of Noah and [the tribes of] 'Aad and Thamud and the people of Abraham and the companions of Madyan and the towns overturned? Their messengers came to them with clear proofs. And Allah would never have wronged them, but they were wronging themselves.
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(And (there are) others who have acknowledged their faults…) [9:102-103]. Ibn al-Walibi reported that Ibn'Abbas said: “This verse was revealed about some people who failed to join the Messenger of Allah, Allahbless him and give him peace, at the Battle of Tabuk and then regretted it, saying: 'We are enjoying shelterand shade with the women while the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and hisCompanions are engaging in Jihad. By Allah, we shall tie ourselves to the columns [of the mosque] andremain tied until the Messenger himself unties and pardons us'. And they tied themselves to the columns ofthe mosque. When the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, returned from the battle, hepassed by them and asked about who they were. He was told: 'These are the people who failed to join you.They vowed to remain in their position until you untie them yourself'. The Prophet, Allah bless him and givehim peace, said: 'And I swear that I will not set them free until I am commanded to do so nor will I pardonthem unless it is Allah Who pardons them first. They have failed to join me and shunned fighting alongsidethe Muslims'. And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse. When it was revealed, the Messenger of Allah,Allah bless him and give him peace, sent for them, freed them and pardoned them. When they were freed,they said: 'O Messenger of Allah, these are our riches which caused us to fail to join you, spend them oncharity on our behalves to purify us and ask forgiveness for us'. He said: 'I was not commanded to takeanything from your riches'. Allah, glorious and majestic is He, then revealed (Take alms of their wealth,wherewith thou mayst purify them and mayst make them grow…) [9:103]”. Said Ibn 'Abbas: “They were tenmen”.
أَلَمْ يَأْتِهِمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ وَقَوْمِ إِبْرَهِيمَ وِأَصْحَـبِ مَدْيَنَ وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَـتِ أَتَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَـتِ فَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَـكِن كَانُواْ أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ
(70. Has not the story reached them of those before them -- The people of Nuh,
Ad, Thamud, the people of Ibrahim, the dwellers of Madyan and the overturned cities; to them came their Messengers with clear proofs. So it was not Allah Who wronged them, but they used to wrong themselves.)
Allah advises the hypocrites who reject the Messengers,
أَلَمْ يَأْتِهِمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ
(Has not the story reached them of those before them) have you (hypocrites) not learned the end of the nations before you who rejected the Messengers,
قَوْمُ نُوحٍ
(The people of Nuh), and the flood that drowned the entire population of the earth, except those who believed in Allah's servant and Messenger Nuh, peace be upon him,
(and `Ad), who perished with the barren wind when they rejected Hud, peace be upon him,
(and Thamud), who were overtaken by the Sayhah (awful cry) when they denied Salih, peace be upon him, and killed the camel,
وَقَوْمِ إِبْرَهِيمَ
(and the people of Ibrahim), over whom He gave Ibrahim victory and the aid of clear miracles. Allah destroyed their king Nimrod, son of Canaan, son of Koch from Canaan, may Allah curse him,
وِأَصْحَـبِ مَدْيَنَ
(and the dwellers of Madyan), the people of Shu`ayb, peace be upon him, who were destroyed by the earthquake and the torment of the day of the Shade,
(and the overturned cities), the people of Lut who used to live in Madyan. Allah said in another Ayah,
وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَةَ أَهْوَى
(And He destroyed the overturned cities) 53:53, meaning the people of the overturned cities in reference to Sadum Sodom, their major city. Allah destroyed them all because they rejected Allah's Prophet Lut, peace be upon him, and because they committed the sin that none before them had committed homosexuality.
أَتَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَـتِ
(to them came their Messengers with clear proofs.), and unequivocal evidence,
فَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ
(So it was not Allah Who wronged them), when He destroyed them, for He established the proofs against them by sending the Messengers and dissipating the doubts,
وَلَـكِن كَانُواْ أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ
(but they used to wrong themselves), on account of their denying the Messengers and defying the Truth; this is why they earned the end, torment and punishment, that they did.
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'Aad adalah kaum Nabi Hud, Tsamud adalah kaum Nabi Shaleh; Madyan adalah kaum Nabi Syu'aib, dan penduduk negeri yang telah musnah adalah kaum Nabi Luth alaihimus salam.
Lalu mereka mendustakannya, maka Allah membinasakan mereka.
Dengan mengazab tanpa dosa.
Dengan mengerjakan dosa.
