وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَلَيُمَكِّنَنَّ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمُ الَّذِي ارْتَضَىٰ لَهُمْ وَلَيُبَدِّلَنَّهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ خَوْفِهِمْ أَمْنًا ۚ يَعْبُدُونَنِي لَا يُشْرِكُونَ بِي شَيْئًا ۚ وَمَنْ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ
Allah has promised those who have believed among you and done righteous deeds that He will surely grant them succession [to authority] upon the earth just as He granted it to those before them and that He will surely establish for them [therein] their religion which He has preferred for them and that He will surely substitute for them, after their fear, security, [for] they worship Me, not associating anything with Me. But whoever disbelieves after that - then those are the defiantly disobedient.
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(Allah hath promised such of you as believe and do good work…) [24:55]. Al-Rabi' ibn Anas related thatAbu'l-'Aliyah said regarding this verse: “The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and hisCompanions remained in Mecca, after the advent of the revelation, for ten years in a state of fear: sleepingat night and waking in the morning with weapons at their sides. Then the Prophet was commanded tomigrate to Medina. One of his Companions asked him: 'O Messenger of Allah, there is not a single day inwhich we feel safe such that we can put down our weapons'. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him andgive him peace, said: 'It will not be long before one of you will be sitting unarmed amidst huge numbers ofpeople, none of whom carries a weapon'. Then, Allah, exalted is He, revealed (Allah hath promised such ofyou as believe and do good work…) up to the end of the verse. Consequently, Allah, exalted is He, enabledHis Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, to have the upper hand over the Arabian peninsula, andthe Muslims were able to put down their weapons and feel safe. They remained safe after Allah, exalted isHe, took to Himself His Prophet, and during the reign of Abu Bakr, 'Umar and 'Uthman, may Allah be wellpleased with them. When they fell into that which they fell and were ungrateful, Allah brought fear into theirhearts; they changed and so Allah, exalted is He, changed what they had”. Isma'il ibn al-Hasan ibnMuhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Naqib informed us> his grandfather> 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasanal-Nasrabadhi> Ahmad ibn Sa'id al-Darimi> 'Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Waqid> his father> al-Rabi' ibn Anas>Abu'l-'Aliyah>> Ubayy ibn Ka'b who said: “When the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give himpeace, and his Companions migrated to Medina and the Helpers sheltered them, all the Arabs united todestroy them, such that they were forced to sleep with their weapon and wake up with their weapons. Somesaid: 'Do you think we will live to see the day when we go to sleep fearing no one but Allah, glorified andmajestic is He?' [As a response] Allah, exalted is He, revealed (Allah hath promised such of you as believeand do good work) up to His words (Those who disbelieve henceforth, they are the miscreants) i.e. thosewho are ungrateful for [Allah's] bounties”. This was narrated by al-Hakim Abu 'Abd Allah in his Sahih fromMuhammad ibn Salih ibn Hani'> Abu Sa'id ibn Shadhan> al-Darimi.
وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مِنْكُمْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ وَلَيُمَكِّنَنَّ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمُ الَّذِى ارْتَضَى لَهُمْ وَلَيُبَدِّلَنَّهُمْ مِّن بَعْدِ خَوْفِهِمْ أَمْناً يَعْبُدُونَنِى لاَ يُشْرِكُونَ بِى شَيْئاً وَمَن كَفَرَ بَعْدَ ذلِكَ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْفَـسِقُونَ
(55. Allah has promised those among you who believe and do righteous good deeds, that He will certainly grant them succession in the land, as He granted it to those before them, and that He will grant them the authority to practise their religion which He has chosen for them. And He will surely give them in exchange a safe security after their fear if they worship Me and do not associate anything with Me. But whoever disbelieved after this, they are the rebellious.)
This is a promise from Allah to His Messenger that He would cause his Ummah to become successors on earth, i.e., they would become the leaders and rulers of mankind, through whom He would reform the world and to whom people would submit, so that they would have in exchange a safe security after their fear. This is what Allah did indeed do, may He be glorified and exalted, and to Him be praise and blessings. For He did not cause His Messenger to die until He had given him victory over Makkah, Khaybar, Bahrayn, all of the Arabian Peninsula and Yemen; and he took Jizyah from the Zoroastrians of Hajar and from some of the border lands of Syria; and he exchanged gifts with Heraclius the ruler of Byzantium, the ruler of Egypt and Alexandria, the Muqawqis, the kings of Oman and An-Najashi of Abyssinia, who had become king after Ashamah, may Allah have mercy on him and grant him honor. Then when the Messenger died, his successor (Khalifah) Abu Bakr As-Siddiq took over the reins of power and united the Ummah, preventing its disintegration. He took control of the entire Arabian Peninsula, and he sent the Islamic armies to the land of Persia, under the leadership of Khalid bin Al-Walid, may Allah be pleased with him, who conquered a part of it and killed some of its people. He sent another army under the leadership of Abu `Ubaydah, may Allah be pleased with him, and the other commanders who came after him in the lands of Syria. He sent a third army under the leadership of `Amr bin Al-`As, may Allah be pleased with him, to Egypt. Allah enabled the army sent to Syria to conquer Busra and Damascus and their provinces the land of Hawran and its environs. Then Allah chose for Abu Bakr to honor him with Him and he died. The people of Islam were blessed that As-Siddiq was inspired to appoint `Umar Al-Faruq as his successor, so he took the reins of power after him and did a perfect job. After the Prophets, the world never saw anyone like `Umar in excellence of conduct and perfect justice. During his time, the rest of Syria and Egypt, and most of Persia, was conquered. Kisra was defeated and utterly humiliated, and he retreated to the furthest point of his kingdom. Mighty Caesar was brought low, his rule over Syria was overthrown, and he retreated to Constantinople. Their wealth was spent for the sake of Allah, as the Messenger of Allah had foretold and promised. May Allah's perfect peace and purest blessing be upon him. During the rule of `Uthman, the Islamic domains spread to the furthest points of the earth, east and west. The lands of the west were conquered as far as Cyprus and Andalusia, Kairouan and Sebta which adjoins the Atlantic Ocean. Towards the east, the conquests extended as far as China. Kisra was killed, his kingdom was utterly destroyed and the cities of Iraq, Khurasan and Al-Ahwaz were conquered. The Muslims killed a great number of Turks and Allah humiliated their great king Khaqan. Taxes were collected from the east and the west, and brought to the Commander of the faithful `Uthman bin `Affan, may Allah be pleased with him. This was a blessing brought by his recitation and study of the Qur'an, and his bringing the Ummah together to preserve and protect it. In the Sahih it was recorded that the Messenger of Allah said:
«إِنَّ اللهَ زَوَى لِيَ الْأَرْضَ فَرَأَيْتُ مَشَارِقَهَا وَمَغَارِبَهَا، وَسَيَبْلُغُ مُلْكُ أُمَّتِي مَا زُوِيَ لِي مِنْهَا»
(Allah showed me the earth and I looked at the east and the west. The dominion of my Ummah will reach everywhere I was shown.) And now we are enjoying that which Allah and His Messenger promised us, for Allah and His Messenger spoke the truth. We ask Allah to give us faith in Him and His Messenger, and to help us to give thanks to Him in a manner that will earn us His pleasure.
وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ ءامَنُواْ مِنْكُمْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِى الاْرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ وَلَيُمَكّنَنَّ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمُ الَّذِى ارْتَضَى لَهُمْ وَلَيُبَدّلَنَّهُمْ مّن بَعْدِ خَوْفِهِمْ أَمْناً
(Allah has promised those among you who believe and do righteous good deeds, that He will certainly grant them succession in the land, as He granted it to those before them, and that He will grant them the authority to practise their religion which He has chosen for them. And He will surely, give them in exchange a safe security after their fear...) Ar-Rabi` bin Anas narrated that Abu Al-`Aliyah said, "The Prophet and his Companions were in Makkah for nearly ten years, calling people in secret to worship Allah Alone with no partner or associate. They were in a state of fear and were not instructed to fight until after they were commanded to migrate to Al-Madinah. When they came to Al-Madinah, then Allah instructed them to fight. In Al-Madinah they were afraid and they carried their weapons morning and evening. This is how they remained for as long as Allah willed...'' Then Allah revealed this Ayah. He caused His Prophet to prevail over the Arabian Peninsula, and then they felt safe and put down their weapons. Then Allah took His Prophet and they remained safe throughout the time of Abu Bakr, `Umar and `Uthman, until what happened happened, and fear again prevailed over them, so they instituted a police force and guards. They changed, so their situation changed. One of the Salaf said, "The Khilafah of Abu Bakr and `Umar was true and adhered to the Book of Allah. Then he recited this Ayah.'' Al-Bara' bin `Azib said, "This Ayah was revealed when we were in a state of extreme fear.'' This Ayah is like the Ayah:
وَاذْكُرُواْ إِذْ أَنتُمْ قَلِيلٌ مُّسْتَضْعَفُونَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ
(And remember when you were few and were reckoned weak in the land) Until His statement:
لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
(so that you might be grateful) 8:26.
كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ
(as He granted succession to those before them,) This is like the Ayah where Allah tells us that Musa said to his people:
عَسَى رَبُّكُمْ أَن يُهْلِكَ عَدُوَّكُمْ وَيَسْتَخْلِفَكُمْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ
("It may be that your Lord will destroy your enemy and make you successors on the earth...'') 7:129 And Allah says:
وَنُرِيدُ أَن نَّمُنَّ عَلَى الَّذِينَ اسْتُضْعِفُواْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ
(And We wished to do a favor to those who were weak in the land,) until the two Ayat there after. 28: 5-6
وَلَيُمَكِّنَنَّ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمُ الَّذِى ارْتَضَى لَهُمْ
(and that He will grant them the authority to practise their religion which He has chosen for them...) vAs the Messenger of Allah said to `Adiyy bin Hatim when he came to him in a delegation:
«أَتَعْرِفُ الْحِيرَةَ؟»
(Do you know Al-Hirah) He said, "I do not know it, but I have heard of it.'' The Messenger of Allah said:
«فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَيُتِمَّنَّ اللهُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ الظَّعِينَةُ مِنَ الْحِيرَةِ حَتَّى تَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ فِي غَيْرِ جِوَارِ أَحَدٍ، وَلَتَفْتَحُنَّ كُنُوزَ كِسْرَى بْنِ هُرْمُزَ»
(By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, Allah will make this matter i.e., Islam prevail until a woman riding a camel will come from Al-Hirah and perform Tawaf around the House without needing the protection of anybody, and the treasures of Kisra the son of Hurmuz will be opened.) He said, "Kisra the son of Hurmuz'' He said,
«نَعَمْ، كِسْرَى بْنُ هُرْمُزَ، وَلَيُبْذَلَنَّ الْمَالُ حَتَّى لَا يَقْبَلَهُ أَحَدٌ»
(Yes, Kisra the son of Hurmuz, and wealth will be given until there will be no one who will accept it.) `Adiyy bin Hatim said: "Now it is happening that a woman riding a camel comes from Al-Hirah and performs Tawaf around the House without needing the protection of anybody, and I was among those who opened the treasure of Kisra the son of Hurmuz. By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, the third thing will also come to pass, because the Messenger of Allah said it.''
يَعْبُدُونَنِى لاَ يُشْرِكُونَ بِى شَيْئاً
(if they worship Me and do not associate anything with Me.) Imam Ahmad recorded from Anas that Mu`adh bin Jabal told him, "While I was riding behind the Prophet on a donkey, with nothing between me and him but the back of his saddle, he said,
«يَا مُعَاذُ بْنَ جَبَلٍ»
(O Mu`adh bin Jabal.) I said, `Here I am at your service, O Messenger of Allah.' Then a while passed, then he said,
«يَا مُعَاذُ بْنَ جَبَلٍ»
(O Mu`adh bin Jabal.) I said, `Here I am at your service, O Messenger of Allah.' Then a while passed, then he said,
«يَا مُعَاذُ بْنَ جَبَلٍ»
(O Mu`adh bin Jabal.) I said, `Here I am at your service, O Messenger of Allah.' He said,
«هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا حَقُّ اللهِ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ؟»
(Do you know the rights that Allah has over His servants) I said, `Allah and His Messenger know best.' He said,
«فَإِنَّ حَقَّ اللهِ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ أَنْ يَعْبُدُوهُ وَلَا يُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا»
(The rights that Allah has over His servants are that they should worship Him and not associate anything with Him.) Then a while passed, then he said,
«يَا مُعَاذُ بْنَ جَبَلٍ»
(O Mu`adh bin Jabal.) I said, `Here I am at your service, O Messenger of Allah.' He said,
«فَهَلْ تَدْرِي مَا حَقُّ الْعِبَادِ عَلَى اللهِ إِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ؟»
(Do you know the rights that people have over Allah if they do that) I said, `Allah and His Messenger know best.' He said,
«فَإِنَّ حَقَّ الْعِبَادِ عَلَى اللهِ أَنْ لَا يُعَذِّبَهُمْ»
(The rights that people have over Allah is that He will not punish them.)'' This was also recorded in the Two Sahihs.
وَمَن كَفَرَ بَعْدَ ذلِكَ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْفَـسِقُونَ
(But whoever disbelieved after this, they are the rebellious.) means, `whoever then stops obeying Me after that, has stopped obeying the command of his Lord, and that is a great sin.' The Companions -- may Allah be pleased with them -- were the most committed of people after the Prophet to the commands of Allah and the most obedient to Allah. Their victories were in accordance with their level of commitment. They caused the Word of Allah to prevail in the east and the west, and Allah supported them so much that they governed all the people and all the lands. When the people subsequently fell short in their commitment to some of the commandments, their strength and victory fell short accordingly, but it is confirmed through more than one route in the Two Sahihs that the Messenger of Allah said:
«لَا تَزَالُ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أُمَّتِي ظَاهِرِينَ عَلَى الْحَقِّ، لَا يَضُرُّهُمْ مَنْ خَذَلَهُمْ وَلَا مَنْ خَالَفَهُمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ»
(There will remain a group of my Ummah adhering to the truth, and those who forsake them or oppose them will not harm them until the Day of Resurrection. ) According to another report:
«حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ أَمْرُ اللهِ وَهُمْ كَذَلِكَ»
(.. until the command of Allah comes to pass and they are like that.) According to another report:
«حَتَّى يُقَاتِلُوا الدَّجَّالَ»
(... until they fight the Dajjal.) According to another report:
«حَتَّى يَنْزِلَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ وَهُمْ ظَاهِرُونَ»
(... until `Isa bin Maryam comes down and they are prevailing.) All of these reports are Sahih, and there is no contradiction between them.
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Hakim meriwayatkan dengan sanadnya yang sampai kepada Ubay bin Kaâab radhiyallahu 'anhu ia berkata, âKetika Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam dan para sahabatnya datang ke Madinah, maka orang-orang Anshar mendatangi mereka. Orang-orang Arab kemudian melempar panah dari satu busur, di mana mereka tidak bermalam kecuali dengan senjata dan tidak berada di pagi hari kecuali dengannya, maka mereka berkata, âTidakkah kamu melihat bahwa kita bangun sampai tidur malam dalam keadaan aman, tenang dan tidak takut kecuali kepada Allah.â Maka turunlah ayat, âWaâadalahulladziina aamanuu minkumâ¦dst.â (Hadits ini menurut Hakim shahih isnadnya, namun keduanya (Bukhari-Muslim) tidak menyebutkannya, dan didiamkan oleh Adz Dzahabi). Syaikh Muqbil menjelaskan dalam Ash Shahihul Musnad min Asbaabin Nuzul, âHadits ini dalam sanadnya terdapat Ali bin Al Husain bin Waqid, ia didha'ifkan oleh Abu Hatim, dan ditinggalkan oleh Bukhari, ia berkata, âIshaq berpikiran buruk terhadapnya,â namun ditsiqahkan oleh Ibnu Hibban. Sedangkan Nasaâi berkata, âDia tidak mengapa.â Akan tetapi Al Haitsami dalam Majmaâuzzawaaâid juz 7 hal. 83 berkata, âDiriwayatkan oleh Thabrani dalam Al Awsath dan para perawinya adalah tsiqah.â Thabari juga menyebutkan hadits ini pada juz 18 hal. 159 secara mursal dari Abul âAliyah.
Menggantikan orang-orang kafir. Ini termasuk janji-janji Allah yang benar; yang kenyataannya dapat disaksikan, Dia menjanjikan kepada orang yang beriman dan beramal saleh dari umat ini, bahwa Dia akan menjadikan mereka berkuasa di bumi, mereka akan menjadi khalifah-khalifahnya di sana dan yang mengaturnya, dan bahwa Dia akan meneguhkan agama yang Dia ridhai untuk mereka, yaitu Islam dan mereka akan dapat menegakkan perintah-perintah dalam agama ini dan menegakkan syiar-syiarnya yang sebelumnya dihalangi. Oleh karena itu, ketika generasi pertama umat ini beriman dan beramal saleh, maka Allah memberikan kekuasaan kepada mereka untuk menguasai negeri dan rakyatnya, mereka berhasil menaklukkan negeri yang berada di bagian timur maupun di bagian barat. Ketika itu, tercapai keamanan dan kekuasaan yang sempurna. Hal ini termasuk ayat-ayat Allah yang mengagumkan dan jelas, dan hal ini akan tetap ada sampai hari kiamat selama mereka beriman dan beramal saleh, oleh karenanya apa yang dijanjikan Allah akan terwujud, Dia memberikan kekuasaan kepada kaum kafir dan munafik adalah sebagai pergiliran untuk mereka dalam sebagian waktu disebabkan kaum muslimin tidak memperhatikan iman dan amal saleh.
Seperti berkuasanya Bani Israil terdahulu menggantikan raja-raja yang kejam.
Yaitu dengan mengunggulkannya di atas agama yang lain dan membukakan negeri-negeri untuk mereka.
Yakni setelah kaum muslimin berkuasa.
Yakni keluar dari ketaatan kepada Allah dan mengadakan kerusakan, dan tidak cocok untuk kebaikan, karena orang yang meninggalkan keimanan saat dalam keadaan mulia dan berkuasa, dan tidak ada yang menghalanginya untuk beriman menunjukkan niatnya yang rusak dan maksudnya yang buruk.
